14 九 10 Wind Turbine Control
Wind power is the use of wind-driven turbine blades rotate, and then through the growth machine will improve the speed of rotation, to encourage generators. Wind generator system is mainly composed of wind turbine and generator of two parts. When the wind speed below the rated wind speed, rotor speed regulation, the maximum possible capture wind energy, which is speed control; and when the wind speed above the rated wind speed, due to its mechanical and electrical strength of wind power generators constraints, as well as on the power grid quality of the generator output power stability and hope in the power rating is about, this is the power control. Power control approach can generally be divided into fixed pitch control and pitch control.
With the computer technology and advanced control technology to the field of wind power, wind generators control technology has also been rapid development, the control set from a basic single pitch to pitch stall control and variable speed control direction. Pitch adjustment with its outstanding advantages, smaller blade force, blade to do more light, pitch angle can be wind turbines manufacturer speed automatically adjust the size, which can absorb as much wind energy into electricity at the same time In the high-speed section of maintaining stable output power.
Therefore, in order to enable the system to maximize power output, wind turbines generally use the following control strategy: the wind speed below the rated speed of the case, the use of adjustable speed generator mode, so that the maximum power output of wind generator manufacturer ; in wind speed above the rated wind speed situation, with variable pitch adjustment means that the system is constant in the power area, so that the wind turbine output power to maintain stability.
Tags: wind turbine
11 九 10 Goldwind to begin developing the 6MW offshore wind turbine
In accordance with the plan Goldwind, 2011, the company will complete the 6.0MW wind turbine direct drive permanent magnet wind turbine design and detailed design of components, by the end of June 2012 before the completion of the first prototype will be installed.
Back in 2007, Kim co-wind technology and CNOOC, the Bohai installed a 1.5MW wind generators direct-drive permanent magnet fan, this is the first Taiwan Strait on the Asian fans. As of August this year, generating a cumulative total of 6.55 million degrees. Earlier this year, gold wind technology is also in the intertidal zone of Jiangsu ring of water, such as the East set 2 sets of 2.5MW offshore unit.
More than a month ago, Dafeng, Jiangsu Goldwind industrial base offshore wind project put into production a the same time, the first base station 2.5MW direct-drive permanent magnet small wind turbines off the assembly line. As the follow-up implementation of the project, will ultimately form where the financial “wind power equipment R & D, manufacturing and export, offshore wind power services, marine engineering and offshore wind power offshore wind power personnel training” as a whole, first-class, global leader in large-scale integrated offshore wind power industry base.
According to Director of Public Affairs Goldwind rain Yao introduced Goldwind offshore wind turbines at sea fans are specific environmental requirements for the special design of corrosion from the sealed unit, electrical equipment layout, remote diagnosis system, anti-typhoon measures China’s coastal areas are all in accordance with the special design features. Before installation, to test in advance by land, sea and then optimized. Currently, companies such as the East and the sound of water is set to run several sets 2.5MW units in good condition.
Tags: wind turbine
06 九 10 Wind turbine gearbox fault diagnosis
Through different gearbox vibration spectrum analysis of test results, discusses the gear box to judge due to the long those in certain adverse conditions, such as alternating load or lubricant failure, causing the gear and bearing damage detection methods. Analysis of the gear box failure causes and measures to be taken.
Keywords: wind turbine gear box bearing condition monitoring
A wind turbine gearbox structure and operating characteristics
China wind generator installed in most of the import unit. In recent years, a number of gearbox failure, some from the factory replacement, and some by domestic professional factory gear box was repaired. Some wind up gear box failure rate of 40 to 50, very few brands unit gear box replacement rate is almost close to 100. Although the gear box damage occurred not only in our midst, many places around the world as there have been problems, but China’s current wind turbine failures in the operation of a large proportion already, should be carefully analyzed.
1) In the past small-capacity wind turbine generator gearbox to use more parallel growth structure of helical gear, gear box was in order to avoid excessive cost, weight, size too large, 500kW wind turbine over more than for the parallel axis gear wheel and the planet hybrid structure. As the growing wind turbine capacity, hub height increases, the gear box is complicated by force, so that may be causing some gearbox design is defective.
2) Since some parts of our topography, climate characteristics of specificity compared with Europe, the standard design may be the normal operation of gear box has a certain influence. Most of China’s wind farm in the mountainous or hilly areas, especially along the southeast coast and islands, the varied topography topographic effects caused by the occurrence of flow of distortion, resulting in the addition level of the wind round on the outside there are radial air flow component. Significant parts of our country gust factors influenced the airflow, the wind turbine mechanical power transmission system, the often exceed their design limit conditions. As power transmission devices – gear box, due to the instability of air flow, resulting in a complex gearbox long-term working under alternating load. Since the equipment installed in tens of meters high altitude, can not easily take them to the factory maintenance, so you can monitor Jingchang Jinxingzhuangtai promptly identify problems in time processing, Huan Chu Xian failure can be analyzed from the symptom to the total failure of to promptly arrange Jian Xiu.
3) In northern China, winter air temperature is very low, some of the extreme wind (short) minimum temperature reached -40 ℃ below the small wind turbines ‘> generators to run the design minimum temperature at -20 ℃ or more, individual low-temperature wind Motors’> generators low as -30 ℃. If you run a long time at low temperatures, the damage to wind turbine ‘> wind generators in parts, such as gear boxes. The gear must be heated. Gearbox heat longer because when the wind speed lower or stop the wind, the gear oil temperature is too low because of become crowded, especially by splash lubrication part, can not be adequate lubrication, resulting in gear or bearing short lack of lubrication and damage. If the cabin temperature is very low, then the pipeline will occur in the oil flow are not clear, so when the gear box oil pipelines can not reach the radiator, gear oil temperature will rise until the shutdown.
Tags: wind turbine
02 九 10 Foreign wind turbines blade manufacturing technology trends
Depend on the completion of wind turbines, including supporting the FRP composite turbine blades is an important component of its wind power equipment, the total cost of about 20%. Blade design, material selection and decision process is wind power generators device performance and power of the main factors, and the unit cost of wind power. Around the world blade technology trends, taking into account fan efficiency and reduce costs of two factors, positive large-scale production of leaf development. Single larger power, the cost per KW of power on the lower. Therefore, the global wind power equipment to the MW power and long blade direction of development. LM typical Danish wind power company is the world’s largest group, with 25 years of production experience. The leaves of up to 7000 or more per month, has set up factories in Tianjin, China. LM is the only company with In-House testing capabilities the company can focus on its blade Full-Scale test, all the leaves of the new design can be run through the 20-year state test to be allowed to put into production. These tests include static, dynamic, lightning testing, the test equipment in the laser scanner, more blades provide accurate geometric data. LM’s current production of the longest leaves of 61.5m, is the world’s longest leaves, weight of 17.7 tons, is made of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites, using carbon fiber blade tip, etc., have been installed by the company in Finland REpower 5MW sea fan. LM blade manufacturing technology companies, including multi-function mechanical hand laid fiberglass to enhance the progress of 25% paved; in force on the bolt support innovation, increase of 20% of the length of the blade; by RIM method to shorten the time 15-20% resin infiltration; to FRP mold to replace steel, low cost. Can be considered, LM megawatt-class blade design, manufacturing technology is the world’s most advanced and most competitive.
In the blade design, LM 10 years ago, the company also introduced a new concept of elastic deflection of the leaf, referred to as pre-curved blades. The curved blade at the tip part of the field, so that leaves turning state, even in the strong wind when the body can maintain a certain distance with the tower to avoid the blades hit the tower. Pre-curved blades because of their large quantity permitted bending rigidity rather, thereby reducing material usage, weight, and for more wind energy. According to the parties concerned, such a pre-curved blade, compared with the standard blade, the wind field at 2.6m / s wind speed, you can start. LM designed this pre-curved blade in 2004, applied for a patent in China. It is understood, LM, GE collaboration with the project to increase capacity on the development of extended case studies of leaf determination. GE, with a 40.3m long 1.5MW blade replaced the original fan blade on the 37.5m long, the results indicate the power output increased by 7%, The reason is the cylindrical area ratio of the inner circle sweep wind swept wind area increased by 14.8% .
To reduce electricity costs, in addition to blade design, the materials and processes shaping each passing day, through the materials and processes to achieve light weight and functional options to enhance the effectiveness of wind energy. Blade manufacture is usually completed through five steps: Split leaf blade shell beam → → → curing heat-curing adhesive assembly → from the mold polishing treatment after the renovation. From 1992 to 1999, the European wind generator single average power 200 ~ 700kw, leaf length from 12m ~ 22m. 2000, the single power to 900kw, blade length of 25m. Two years from the 1 ~ 2.0MW single power over the development of leaf length to 40m, the current research is moving in 3-5MW, leaf length to 50 ~ 60m forward.
Tags: wind turbines blade
28 八 10 Problems with wind turbine proposal
1) products in the production process, the appearance of quality, reliability operation with foreign units have a gap. Although this purpose of low consumption, domestic market demand, Dan its products in the international market with foreign products Can not , export volume is small, since there was no stable export channels, no Dakai the international market.
(2) product variety is not complete. At present, 100-watt-class families with small wind turbines can be mass-produced; kilowatt wind turbine can also be a small batch production; and 10 kilowatts-class products in China is not able to produce, not for products.
(3) off-grid home wind turbine supporting the use of batteries required, most users are car batteries, due to the discontinuity of wind energy, so batteries prone to overcharge and over discharge phenomenon, which seriously affected its life. The battery prices will be relatively high, which also affected the promotion of china wind turbine sales.
(4) and the wind generators less research supporting the product, the current feature is only limited to lighting, watching television, to create benefits to the farming fishermen supporting product development and testing much. Higher power of the wind turbine to do work to promote testing and not many of these have affected the enthusiasm of farmers and herdsmen to buy.
(5) the wind turbine generator using a non-polluting, clean energy, but the state does not have the tax and fiscal concessions and incentives.
Tags: wind turbine
24 八 10 Wind turbine must have low voltage ride through capability
Speed development of China’s wind turbine should be said that the first row in the world, Er Jishulaiyuan main Yikaoguowai, Guo Qu wind turbine in the case of small, low-voltage line pairs make different provisions through Gongneng Mo, Mu Qian Yin home wind turbines assembly Jisuduoji number increase, the low voltage power to the fans across the increasingly clear, not long ago, Dian Wang Jiu Guidingwangshang fan Bixujubei low voltage Chuanyuegongneng, the Bu Jin Tigaodianwang quality Geng Zhongyaoyeshi Li Yong of the wind turbine generators plays an important role. European fans have had this technology early, most domestic enterprises are upgrading existing fans and to achieve low-voltage across the function. At present, some enterprises still do not realize this function, and the net will likely be hindered.
Through the ability of low-voltage power system when a larger proportion of stroke power generating capacity, the power system failure resulting in the voltage drop, the wind farms will seriously affect the removal of the system stability, which requires the wind generator with low voltage ride through ( Low Voltage Ride Through, LVRT) capabilities to ensure the system after the failure of wind power grid to run uninterrupted.
Tags: wind turbine
18 八 10 Build a giant offshore wind turbines
British company is working to design a large-scale wind turbine, its wingspan of up to 275 meters length, power generation capacity will be an ordinary wind turbine 3 times.
In the current trend of promoting green energy, the UK, U.S. and Norwegian engineers is undergoing a giant home wind turbines of the contest. British Arup-designed building in the sea of this new type of turbine generators (Aerogenerator X), power generation capacity of 10 megawatts, a huge machine of its size is twice the normal model, I believe because of this global energy market New wind generator and change.
Blade span 275 m
This simulation rotation sycamore leaves inspired by the floating oil platform technology. Technological leadership in the Arup engineering company with the Rolls-Royce, Shell and BP, including several blue chip companies funded by academic groups, such detailed design of wind turbines, the wind turbine generators axis to the rotation leaves a wingspan of up to 275 meters. Preliminary estimates, after two years of testing, the first generating unit will be completed.
However, the British design team, including the design of the Garden of Eden Project and Grimshaw Architects have to heated competition of other groups. Earlier this year, and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Renewable Energy Laboratory, U.S. close to Clipper Wind Power Inc. announced that they would plan to build North East of England called “Great Britain” 10-megawatt wind turbines.
The traditional scaling of small wind turbines is the popular practice of the United Kingdom, these behemoths will be fixed on the seabed, about 600 feet above the waves.
Clipper claims that, if technically and economically feasible, each unit in its 25 years of useful life and can supply electricity generated from 5000 to 10,000 families use, the equivalent of 200 barrels of oil produced energy.
Competitive market
At the same time, Norway’s Sway company plans to build giant floating turbines, this turbine directly connected to the 100 m deep sea bed, called “mast” of the anchor. 1 Research Institute funded by the EU program also manufacture 8-10 megawatt turbines generaotor In addition, the United States and Denmark, some companies are going over from fat, 9 MW unit of work. All of these design full-size model will be completed in three years.
Offshore Engineering Cranfield University, UK head of Furge • Brennan said: “A wonderful intense athletic competition is staged. The winner of this contest will have access to the global offshore wind turbine market dominance.” Cranfield University has completed a number of wind turbines over from hair work. He said, “Britain’s offshore wind power generation may start some of Jae-man, but with four years of gas oil mining experience, we still have the opportunity to lead the world. The new vertical wind turbines is a type of oil in the semi-submerged platform technology based on the construction of and there was no tradition of wind turbines in the weight limit. newly designed turbine with its high level of conventional turbines only half. “He also added that the extension of this technology, it can produce 20 megawatts or more wind turbines.
Renewable energy future
Currently the largest installed wind turbines in the rated power of about 3 MW. In contrast, thermal power plant was already out on the gigabit level, about 180 sets of this new type of wind turbines in Scotland North Ayrshire was the equivalent of a coal-fired power plant capacity.
Engineers believe that wind power is OK, the key lies in the construction of the scale. The traditional double the size of wind turbines, in theory, can produce four times the wind, but at the same time the weight of wind turbines and the cost will increase eight-fold. As the sea to receive an endless supply of wind, the sea transportation and installation of large equipment and more convenient, and this is also a rare public objection, which is widely regarded as offshore wind power renewable energy future.
On land, the huge leaves of the transport and lifting equipment are required to hell and high water, and the approval of the plan often takes several years. However, the current installation of offshore turbines than land-based wind turbine comprising the three Zhiwu Cheng to be expensive and difficult to maintain, but also vulnerable to corrosion.
It is estimated that offshore wind power generators market will be several hundred billion dollars per year growth. Last year, the European Wind Energy Association expects Europe’s offshore wind power installed capacity will be from the current 2 megawatts of growth by the year ○ 三○ 150 GW or more years.
Although Britain has not required the construction of large-scale high wind areas and space, but the British in the Second ○ ○ 八年 in offshore wind electricity generation beyond Denmark, and to 330 units of capacity to lead the world. In addition, the United Kingdom has developed a vision of developing wind resources to plan, they expect to in the Second ○ 一 二年 made up offshore wind capacity to 12 GW. This is equivalent to 2,500 units installed in the largest 5-megawatt unit.
Greenpeace UK head of John • Shu Wen said: “We demand for energy will be counting on that here, but the key is the British Government can not cut in order to obtain short-term interests of the budget in order to hinder the development of offshore wind power.”
Tags: wind turbines
31 七 10 Wind turbine blade material
Wind turbine blade is the most basic and most critical component, its good design, reliable quality and superior performance is to ensure normal and stable operation of unit determinant. Harsh environment and long-term keep running, the requirements of the blade are: light weight and has the best mechanical properties and fatigue strength to withstand storms and other extreme conditions and random load tests; leaves flexibility, rotation inertia Its vibration frequency characteristic curves of the normal, passing the burden to the entire power system stability; anti-corrosion, ultraviolet radiation and lightning performance;wind generators low cost, low maintenance costs.
According to international consulting firm UtiliPoint Bob Bellemare, president, said: For the wind power generator, the carbon fiber is the coming trend. Generally smaller leaves (such as the 22m long) use large inexpensive E-glass fiber reinforced plastic, resin to unsaturated polyester matrix-based, and vinyl ester or epoxy resin can be used, while larger leaves (eg 42m and above) generally use CF and GF CFRP or hybrid composite materials, epoxy-based resin matrix. GE Wind Energy leaves the project, said the global manager Ramesh Gopalakrishnan, designers are looking for high-strength lightweight materials in the process of selection of the carbon fiber used in blade design
With the stand-alone small wind turbines increases, the required length of leaves growing in the application of wind power will also be expanded. Leaves in terms of stiffness is also an important indicator. The results show that carbon fiber (carbon fiber, called CF) is a composite blade stiffness FRP blades two to three times. Although carbon fiber composites are superior to glass fiber composites, but expensive, affecting its large-scale wind turbine generator applications. Therefore, the world’s major companies are from composite materials, technology, quality control and other aspects of in-depth study in order to reduce costs.
Tags: Wind turbine blade
29 七 10 The wind turbine will power the next generation of mainstream models
China’s wind power generator industry is trying to among the powerful club, stepping stone or a large-capacity wind turbine. In this round of investment feast in sounded “Chong Fenghao” and not just China Rui Jin wind turbine generators names such companies, even the little-known small and medium enterprises are eager to expansion through the equipment at sea wind power, “Arena” occupying the place.
“China’s wind turbine should be more large-scale development.” Recently, the National Energy Board new energy and renewable energy deputy director of the history of Tateyama in public to the enterprise “propaganda.” And gives concrete ideas, “China’s current 1.5-megawatt units relatively mature technology, but would require a more rapid increase, making the land of wind power to the main unit 3 MW offshore wind turbines to 5 MW and 10 ahead of the layout MW research. ”
Wind power industry, according to the authority of the Danish consultancy BTM recently released “World Wind Energy Development” report, with the wind generators industry development and large-capacity wind turbine technology has become an inevitable trend, more efficient 3 MW and more The small wind turbine will power the next generation of the mainstream model.
Tags: wind turbine
27 七 10 Low-resistance principle of vertical wind turbine
The wind turbine is a low resistance to vertical wind turbine, differential rotation is different from the existing vertical wind resistance machines, fully meet the low-resistance design, no wind adjustment system, the resistance difference keep rotating vertical wind turbine is simple and easy system to do, easy to install features: low-resistance principle of vertical wind turbine is the main vertical shaft at a location on the decile were fixed by mechanical means four out of four equal length to the horizontal arm, each arm in the same direction on the same fixed spacing, the same number, the same vertical size of the blades, the blades can be fixed on a rotating vertical blades, blades range from the buffer control with arm horizontal and vertical 1 / 4 arc within the park. Blade in the case of all activities to the wind in different directions when the wind generator pressure to accept some positive, some inclined to accept the pressure of the wind, some wind to go.
“Low resistance Vertical Axis Wind Turbine” have a strong ability to catch the wind, and very good control. Available in the grid, off-grid heating, and power comes with a large highway billboard rotation, lights from the power supply and other fields. Because of its unique way of working, the installation, maintenance is easy, and can produce great torque.
Tags: vertical wind turbine
